IP to Binary Converter

This network utility converts IP addresses between decimal, binary, and hexadecimal representations while calculating subnet information for CIDR notation. The tool supports both IPv4 (32-bit) and IPv6 (128-bit) address formats, parsing input strings and validating each octet or hextet falls within valid numeric ranges before performing conversions. IPv4 octets must range 0-255, while IPv6 hextets must be valid hexadecimal values up to FFFF.

Binary conversion transforms each address component using positional notation, padding each IPv4 octet to 8 bits or IPv6 hextet to 16 bits for consistent display. The converter offers both dotted format (11000000.10101000.00000001.00000001) and continuous format (11000000101010000000000100000001) output options. Hexadecimal output uses uppercase notation with 0x prefix for decimal values, facilitating integration with programming contexts.

Subnet calculations apply CIDR prefix length to generate subnet masks through bit-level operations, computing network addresses by ANDing the IP with the mask, and broadcast addresses by ORing with the inverse mask. The tool displays usable host counts using 2^(32-CIDR)-2 formula, along with IP class detection for educational reference. All computations execute locally using JavaScript bitwise operations without server communication.