This post was last Updated on November 10, 2022 by Himanshu Tyagi to reflect the accuracy and up-to-date information on the page.
The print() function in Python is used to print the specified string (or) object either on screen, i.e., standard output device, or in a text stream file. Let’s look into the syntax of the print() function and its parameters in detail.
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Understanding Different Print Statements in Python
Syntax: print(object(s), sep=’ ‘, end=’\n’, flush=False, file = sys.stdout)
Print() Parameters
- object(s): It represents the object to be printed. The print() function can accept more than one object.
- Sep: sep indicates the separator by which objects are separated. It is an optional parameter; by default, it considers ‘ ‘ as a separator.
- End: the end is printed at last. It’s an optional parameter, and the default value for the end parameter is ‘\n’.
- Flush – It is used to clear the internal buffer/stream. It’s an optional parameter and accepts boolean values (True/False). The default value is False.
- File – Accepts an object which has write permission on it. It’s an optional parameter, and the default value is sys.stdout
Returns none. It just prints object data in the output screen/file.
Note: The object is converted into a string before being written to the screen.
Let’s look into a few example programs on how the print statements work in Python with different parameters.
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Using print() to display the output
A simple print() function that prints data in the output screen.
Code
print('This is CodeITBro website') number=1000 print('number-',number) languages= ['C', 'C++', 'Java', 'Python'] print(languages)
Output
This is CodeITBro website
number- 1000
[‘C’, ‘C++’, ‘Java’, ‘Python’]
Explanation: In the above code, we only specified the object parameter in the print () function without other parameters. So they all are set to default values, i.e., sep=’ ‘, end=’\n’, file=sys.stdout, flush=False.
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Separating data in objects using the print() sep parameter
In this example, let’s separate the data in an object by specifying the separator to the sep parameter.
Code
string1 = 'CodeITBro' string2 = 'learning' string3 = 'Website' # printing multiple objects without specifying sep print(string1,string2,string3) # printing multiple objects with a separator print(string1,string2,string3,sep='_')
Output
CodeITBro learning Website
CodeITBro_learning_Website
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Explanation: From the output, we can get an insight that:
- In the first print statement, we didn’t specify a separator, so by default, it separated the three objects with a space (‘ ‘).
- In the second print statement, we passed a sep parameter to the print() function with ‘_’ assigned. So the separator separated the three objects in the print function.
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End parameter in print() function
In this example, let’s try to use the end parameter in print() function to know how it works.
Code
# list of programming languages languages= ['C', 'C++', 'Java', 'Python'] print('Printing list of data without end specified in print()') for i in languages: # printing each item without specifying end print(i) print('\nPrinting list of data with end specified in print()') for i in languages: # printing each item in list object by specifying end print(i, end=',')
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Output
Printing list of data without end specified in print()
C
C++
Java
Python
Printing list of data with end specified in print()
C,C++,Java,Python,
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Explanation:
- In the first print statement, we didn’t specify an end parameter. So the print() function considers the default value for the end parameter as ‘\n’. This results in printing each item in a list in a new line.
- In the second print statement, we passed an end parameter to the print() function with the value ‘,’ assigned. So after each item in the list Python interpreter will append ‘,’ in the output screen.
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File parameter in print() function
In this example, let’s try to know how the file parameter in print() function works with a sample code.
Code
# opening a demo file in write mode demoFile = open(r'C:\Users\v.akhil\Desktop\demoFile.txt','a') # printing the data in the output screen print('Printing data to output screen') # printing data into the file object print('An online learning website', file = demoFile) print('Data added in file') demoFile.close()
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Output
Printing data to the output screen
Data added in file
demoFile.txt – Before running the code
demoFile.txt – After the code run
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Explanation:
- We didn’t mention the file parameter in print () function in the first print statement. So it considers the default value sys.stdout, which means that the print()function adds the text to the display screen.
- In the second case, we passed the file parameter to the print() function with a value assigned, i.e., a file object. So Python Interpreter adds the data specified in print () function to the file mentioned in the fileobject. Hence the “An online learning website” is appended into the ‘demoFile.txt’ file after the code run.
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Summary
Here we looked at the syntax of the print() function and the function of the different parameters that can accept detailed examples for each. So from the above examples, we can understand how the print() statements work in Python.